前言
「臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華 (Taiwan New Year Bird Count, NYBC Taiwan)」已經邁入第六個年頭,各位夥伴是否和我們一樣覺得時光似箭? 為了能持續掌握冬候鳥的族群現況與變化趨勢,六年的時間還不夠長。今年的年報內容主要是報導 2018 年 12 月 15 日至 2019 年 1 月 6 日為期 23 日所執行的狀況、成果,以及近年遷徙水鳥的研究進展。臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華的歷年成果,將納入「2020 年臺灣國家鳥類報告」。謹以此報告,感謝所有參與活動的夥伴、團體、捐款人及贊助單位。
第六年的「臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華」在 1,365 位鳥友的共襄盛舉之下,完成 179 個樣區圓的數鳥工作,範圍涵蓋臺灣、澎湖、金門、馬祖與東沙群島,共記錄 324 種,312,948 隻次的鳥類。公益勸募總共募得新臺幣 43,395 元,並獲得林務局及國家公園等單位的支持,給予數鳥夥伴相關的協助,主辦單位在此萬分感謝。若無各地夥伴的響應,2019 年便無法展現更進一步的成果。
近幾十年,在東亞 - 澳大拉西亞遷徙線 (East Asian-Australasian Flyway, EAAF) 的遷徙水鳥數量快速下降,主要原因是遷徙線的海岸泥灘地因海岸快速人工化而嚴重消退。2018 年 11 月,特生中心林大利助理研究員獲國際濕地聯盟 (Wetlands International) 亞洲水鳥普查 (Asian Waterbird Census)的團隊邀請,赴泰國曼谷出席亞洲水鳥普查的工作會議,並發表臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華的歷年成果。印度代表 Taej Mundkur 表示,臺灣水鳥普查有千餘人參與,在國際上是相當驚人的人數!日本代表小山和男表示,日本的賞鳥人口逐漸老化,年輕人參與的不多,臺灣的參與者當中,青年不在少數,值得日本學習。荷蘭代表暨資料管理師 Tom Langendoen表示,臺灣每年準時提供高品質的資料,對資料庫的貢獻相當大,非常感謝臺灣鳥友們的貢獻。
2019 年的代表鳥種逆勢操作,特別選一種於NYBC 六年來的調查中,數量逐年攀升的反嘴鴴(Pied Avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta)。牠在臺灣屬不普遍的冬候鳥,這幾年在臺灣的數量逐年增加。今年度反嘴鴴在全國的總數為 4,380 隻,突破歷史新高,比去年的 3,570 隻還要增加約 800 隻,是難能可貴的好消息。在諸多水鳥數量減少的狀況下,臺灣的反嘴鴴數量卻逐年增加,值得我們持續監測,作為未來保育上重要的基礎資料。
臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華是由社團法人中華民國野鳥學會、社團法人台北市野鳥學會、社團法人高雄市野鳥學會,以及行政院農業委員會特有生物研究保育中心共同籌辦與推動。主辦團隊成員包括:呂翊維先生 ( 中華 )、張絜小姐 ( 中華 )、潘森識先生(Scott Pursner,中華 )、蔣功國先生 ( 台北 )、林昆海先生 ( 高雄 )、林瑞興博士 ( 特生 )、林湧倫先生 ( 特生 ) 及林大利先生 ( 特生 )。NYBC Taiwan 的第六年,感謝江郁宣小姐完成活動 LOGO 及相關美編設計,感謝「玉子日記」完成封面及內頁繪圖,感謝趙容小姐協助資料的整理,感謝法國國家農藝及食品科學研究中心霍亞修(Arthur Bureau) 先生協助分析族群趨勢,感謝天晴文化事業完成年度報告的美編設計。
建議引用方式
林大利、林湧倫、霍亞修、潘森識、張絜、呂翊維、林昆海、蔣功國、林瑞興。2019。臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華 2019 年度報告。社團法人中華民國野鳥學會、行政院農業委員會特有生物研究保育中心。臺北。臺灣。
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Preface
This is the 6th annual report for the Taiwan New Year Bird Count (NYBC Taiwan), a citizen science project used to monitor the status and population trends of migratory waterbirds in Taiwan proper and its outlying islands since 2014. This report represents the results of the 2019 NYBC Taiwan, conducted from December 15, 2018 to January 7, 2019 (23 days). During the event, 1,365 participants recorded 312,948 individuals from 324 species in 179 circle samples. Data collected here will be featured in the “The State of Taiwan’s Birds” report coming out in 2020.
Over the last thirty years, due to serious mudflat loss and the construction of artificial infrastructure along the coastlines of East Asia, migratory shorebird populations have decreased rapidly, especially in the areas around the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, and Chongming Dongtan. For example, in the area around Yellow Sea, nearly 30% of tidal mudflats have disappeared in the past three decades. This has had a major impact on the two million migratory shorebirds which rely on the flats to refuel and rest along their migratory path. Coastal development in China has already reached 11,560 km (roughly 58% - 61% of China’s coast), far surpassing the more popular Great Wall of China (7,300 km)! This “New Great Wall” has led to a significant decline in mudflats and the shorebird populations that rely on them.
The mascot for the 6th NYBC Taiwan was the Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta). NYBC data from 2014 to 2018 showed that the population of Pied Avocet wintering in Taiwan increased significantly over that period. This positive trend is quite different from that of other waterbirds surveyed. So why choose it as the mascot? Organizers agreed that while it is important to raise awareness about a species with a declining population, it is also important to share good news such as that of a recovering population status.
Monitoring methods for NYBC Taiwan follow the same fundamentals as the Christmas Bird Count. Over the course of 23 days (with January 1st serving as a midpoint), volunteer teams choose a consecutive 24-hour period to count the birds within a circle sample area whose radius is three kilometers.
Our datasets provide valuable information about the distribution and community composition of the wintering avifauna of Taiwan. This information is kept in an open database administered by Taiwan’s Environment Protection Administration. Results are also shared with Wetland International’s International Waterbird Census and the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Queensland in Australia. NYBC Taiwan will continue to work diligently and collaborate with the international community to monitor the status of migratory birds of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.
NYBC Taiwan is organized by the Chinese Wild Bird Federation (CWBF), the Wild Bird Society of Taipei (WBST), the Kaohsiung Wild Bird Society (KWBS) and the Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute (TESRI). Organizers would also like to point out that the event’s success would not be possible without the hard work of key people such as Allen Lyu (CWBF), Chieh Chang (CWBF), Scott Pursner (CWBF), Kung-Kuo Chiang (WBST), Kun-Hai Lin (KWBS), Reuy-Shing Lin (TESRI), Yong-Lun Lin (TESRI), Arthur Bureau (TESRI) and Da-Li Lin (TESRI). They would also like to express their deep gratitude and appreciation to all the participants, NGOs, donors, and sponsors without whom none of this would be possible.
Recommended citation
Lin, D-L, Lin Y-L, Bureau A, Pursner S, Chang C, Lyu A. 2019. Taiwan New Year Bird Count 2019 Annual Report. Chinese Wild Bird Federation, Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taiwan.