前言
這份報告是「臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華(Taiwan New Year Bird Count, NYBC Taiwan)」第五年的年度報告，主要報導2017年12月16日至2018年1月7日為期23日所執行的成果。臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華的歷年成果，將納入「2020年臺灣國家鳥類報告」。謹以此報告，感謝所有參與活動的夥伴、團體、捐款人及贊助單位。
第五年的「臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華」在1,296 位鳥友的共襄盛舉之下，完成172 個樣區圓，其中有12 個樣區圓在金門、馬祖與東沙群島，共記錄334種，303,426 隻次的鳥類。公益勸募總共募得新臺幣251,200 元，並獲得林務局及國家公園等單位的支持，給予數鳥志工相關的協助，主辦單位在此萬分感謝。若無各地夥伴的響應，2018 年便無法展現更進一步的成果。
近幾十年，在東亞- 澳大拉西亞遷徙線的遷徙水鳥數量快速下降，主要原因是遷徙線的海岸泥灘地因海岸快速人工化而嚴重消退。其中，以中國黃海、渤海和崇明東灘最為嚴重，近30 年內流失了30%。這裡是遷徙候鳥的重要遷徙中繼站，每年大約有2 百萬隻水鳥到訪，其衝擊不可小覷。中國沿海的人工海堤和構造物的快速擴張，已達11,560 公里，大約占中國海岸線的58%-61%，比萬里長城還要長( 約7,300 公里)，稱為「新長城」，導致沿海泥灘地和候鳥都大幅減少。
2018 年的代表鳥種是翻石鷸，廣泛分布於全球，在亞洲地區的數量大約為2 萬5 千隻至10 萬隻左右。根據臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華2014 年至2018年的資料，翻石鷸的數量呈現顯著下降的趨勢，從1,500 隻減少至500 隻，其原因可能與黃海地區和臺灣的彰化沿海泥灘地流失有關。此外，小水鴨、三趾濱鷸和黑腹濱鷸也有顯著下降的趨勢。
臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華是由社團法人中華民國野鳥學會發起，與社團法人台北市野鳥學會、社團法人高雄市野鳥學會，以及行政院農業委員會特有生物研究保育中心共同籌辦與推動。主辦團隊成員包括：張瑄小姐、呂翊維先生( 中華)、蔣功國先生( 台北)、林昆海先生( 高雄)、林瑞興博士( 特生) 及林大利先生( 特生)。
NYBC Taiwan 的第五年，感謝江郁宣小姐完成活動LOGO 及相關美編設計，感謝「玉子日記」完成封面及內頁繪圖，感謝趙容小姐協助資料的整理，感謝許正德先生協助資料分析，感謝天晴文化事業完成年度報告的美編設計。
建議引用方式
林大利、張瑄、呂翊維、蔣功國、林昆海、林瑞興。2018。臺灣新年數鳥嘉年華2018 年度報告。社團法人中華民國野鳥學會、行政院農業委員會特有生物研究保育中心。臺北。
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Preface
This annual report is the fifth of Taiwan New Year Bird Count (NYBC Taiwan). It is a citizen science project which monitor wintering avifauna of Taiwan and surrounding islands since 2014. We reported the monitoring results of NYBC Taiwan between December
16th 2017 and January 7th 2018. The 1,296 volunteers recorded 334 bird species from 303,426 individuals within 172 circle samples. The results of NYBC Taiwan are a part of “2020 State of Taiwan’s Birds” for wintering birds, especially for migratory species. We really appreciate to all the volunteers, participants, NGOs, donors and sponsors.
In recent decades, due to serious mudflat loss and artificial infrastructure in the coastal regions of East Asia, the populations of migratory shorebirds have decreased rapidly, especially in the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, and Chongming Dongtan. For instance, in Yellow Sea, nearly 30% of tidal mud ats disappeared in the past three decades. It impacted on the two million migratory shorebirds which rely on the flats to refuel and rest as the migratory stopover site. The coastal development of China has reached 11,560 km (58%-61% of China’s coast) and overcame the Great Wall (7,300 km). That is, the “New Great Wall” has made the mud ats and shorebirds declined significantly.
The representative species for 5th NYBC Taiwan is Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres ), a worldwide migratory shorebird. The opulation size of East Asia was about 25,000 to 100,000. Based on the data of NYBC from 2014 to 2018, the population of Ruddy Turnstone decreased significantly. It might be also a ected by mud at loss of China and Taiwan. Besides, the population of Common Teal, anderling, and Dunlin also show significant decrease.
NYBC Taiwan is hosted by Chinese Wild Bird Federation (CWBF), Wild Bird Society of Taipei (WBST), Kaohsiung Wild Bird Society (KWBS) and Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute (TESRI). The monitoring methods of NYBC Taiwan are followed the fundamental rules of Christmas Bird Count. During the 23 days (the middle date is January 1st), a volunteer team chose a consecutive 24 hours to count the birds within a circle sample area which radius is three kilometers.
Our datasets provide valuable information regarding the distribution and community composition of the avifauna in winter. Moreover, they will be opened in the database of open data in the Environment Protection Administration and shared with the International Waterbird Census of Wetland International. This project will keep conducting and trying to cooperate with countries in East Asia to monitor migrants in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.
Recommended citation
Lin, D.-L., H. Chan, A. Lyu, K.-K. Chiang, K.-H. Lin, R.-S. Lin. 2018. Taiwan New Year Bird Count 2018 Annual Report. Chinese Wild Bird Federation, Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan.